EU ROHS certification
RoHS is a mandatory standard established by EU legislation. Its full name is the "Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Equipment" (Restriction of Hazardous Substances). This standard has been officially implemented on July 1, 2006. It is mainly used to standardize the material and process standards of electronic and electrical products, making them more beneficial to human health and environmental protection. The purpose of this standard is to eliminate six substances including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in electrical and electronic products, and focuses on stipulating that the lead content cannot exceed 0.1%.
ROHS summary and requirements:
Restricted toxic substances:
·Heavy Metal:
–Lead Lead;
–Mercury;
–Cadmium;
–Chromium (VI) Hexavalent chromium.
·Certain brominated flame retardants:
Polybrominated biphenyls –Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB’s);
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE’s).
The maximum limit indicator is:
·Cadmium: 0.01% (100 ppm);
·Lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers: 0.1% (1000 ppm).
The RoHS directive restricts the use of the following six categories of hazardous substances
1. Lead (Pb) Examples of using this substance: solder, glass, PVC stabilizer
2. Mercury (Hg) (Mercury) Examples of using this substance: thermostats, sensors, switches and relays, light bulbs
3. Cadmium (Cd) Examples of using this substance: switches, springs, connectors, housings and PCBs, contacts, batteries
4. Hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) Examples of using this substance: Metal corrosion coating
5. Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) Examples of the use of this substance: Flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) Examples of use of this substance: flame retardants, PCBs, connectors, plastic housings
Testing principles:
According to the requirements of the EU WEEE&RoHS directive, CES splits products according to materials and uses different materials to detect harmful substances. Generally speaking:
·Metal materials need to be tested for four harmful metal elements such as (Cd cadmium/Pb lead/Hg mercury/Cr6+hexavalent chromium)
·In addition to checking these four harmful heavy metal elements, plastic materials also need to detect brominated flame retardants (polybrominated biphenyl PBB/polybrominated diphenyl ethers PBDE)
·At the same time, packaging materials of different materials also need to be tested for heavy metals in packaging materials (94/62/EEC)
The following are the upper limit concentrations for the six hazardous substances specified in RoHS:
Cadmium: less than 100ppm
Lead: less than 1000ppm
Less than 3500ppm in steel alloy
Less than 4000ppm in aluminum alloy
Less than 40000ppm in copper alloy
Mercury: less than 1000ppm
Hexavalent chromium: less than 1000ppm
Reasons for launching RoHS
It was first noticed that heavy metals harmful to human health were contained in electrical and electronic equipment in 2000 when cadmium was found in the cables of a batch of game consoles sold in the Netherlands. In fact, the solders currently used in large quantities in the production of electrical and electronic products and the inks used in packaging box printing contain harmful heavy metals such as lead.
When will RoHS be implemented
The European Union will implement RoHS on July 1, 2006. At that time, electrical and electronic products that use or contain heavy metals and flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) that exceed the limits will not be allowed to enter. EU market
ROHS certification scope
27 EU member states: France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, United Kingdom, Denmark, Ireland, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Cyprus, Hungary, Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania .
What products does RoHS specifically involve?
RoHS targets all electrical and electronic products that may contain the above six hazardous substances in the production process and raw materials, mainly including: daily household appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, water heaters, etc.; Black household appliances, such as audio and video products, DVDs, CDs, TV receivers, IT products, digital products, communication products, etc.; power tools, electric electronic toys, medical electrical equipment
Current RoHS progress
Some large companies have noticed RoHS and begun to take countermeasures. For example, SONY's digital cameras have stated on the packaging box: This product uses lead-free soldering and is printed with lead-free ink.
The Ministry of Information Industry also issued the "Management Measures for the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Electronic Information Products" in 2004, which is similar to RoHS. In October, it established the "Standard Working Group for the Prevention and Control of Pollution from Electronic Information Products" to study and establish a standard system for the prevention and control of pollution by electronic information products that is in line with China's national conditions; carry out research and formulation and revision of standards related to the prevention and control of pollution by electronic information products, especially accelerating the formulation of materials, processes, terminology, test methods and test methods that are urgently needed by the industry. Basic standards.
On July 1, 2011, the European Union published a new version of the RoHS Directive - Directive 2011/65/EU in the Official Journal (OJ).
As a directive that is very familiar to Chinese electronic and electrical product manufacturing companies, its introduction has been full of twists and turns. Due to the large differences between the parties during the revision process, the revision, which was originally intended to be introduced in 2009, has been delayed again and again. In particular, there has been fierce debate within the EU, including the Commission, the European Parliament, the Council, the industry, and NGOs, on whether to expand the scope of products and restricted substances.
The main differences between 2011/65/EU and the original RoHS Directive 2002/95/EU are:
1. Expanded product scope: All electrical and electronic products are covered by the directive (including cables and spare parts), but newly added There is a certain transition period for Class 8 medical devices and Class 9 monitoring and control instruments (including industrial monitoring instruments). In addition, 20 exemptions (listed in Annex IV) are provided for these two categories of products.
2. Cleared some definitions
3. The scope of controlled substances has not been expanded, and the original limit requirements of the original six substances have been maintained. However, it is proposed that in the future review process, including DEHP, etc. Substances will be inspected first, paving the way for the directive to expand the scope of controlled substances in the future
4. Deleted the producer requirement and added "manufacturer", "authorized representative", and " The definitions of "importer" and "distributor" and their responsibilities are clearly defined
5. Specifies that products must be affixed with CE marks and related matters.
This directive will come into effect on the 20th day of publication in the OJ, and member states need to convert it into national law before January 2, 2013.
The release of 2011/65/EU will have a certain impact on China's electronic and electrical product manufacturing companies, especially since medical device products, monitoring and control instrument products will be included in the scope of regulation , so the impact on these two types of manufacturing companies will be huge
In addition, since electrical and electronic products need to be affixed with the CE mark, it will also be a huge challenge for the industry to comply with the directive's requirements.
Commonly used RoHS detection methods
1. Anion: Yinglan Technology Ion Chromatography
After using oxygen bomb combustion and Yinglan technology pretreatment, it directly enters ion chromatography for analysis
2. Cations and their valence states:
It can be detected by Yinglan cation chromatography, ion selective electrode method, and atomic absorption method
To determine the valence state of cationic elements, voltammetry can be used for analysis
Pronunciation of Rohs. /rous/
For detection methods, please refer to IEC62321: 2008 Determination Procedure for the Concentration of Six Restricted Substances in Electronic and Electrical Products
A. First use XRF for non-destructive screening, which is fast, efficient, non-destructive and low-cost. However, there are many interference factors and the error is large.
B. Use AAS or ICP-AES to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg after microwave digestion and acid digestion.
C. After Soxhlet extraction, use GC-MS to determine the concentration of polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, etc.
D. Use the point test method or boiling water extraction method to determine the concentration of Cr6+ in the colorless surface layer, or use a UV-visible spectrophotometer to test according to EPA3060A.
Basic content of EU RoHS and WEEE directives
The European Parliament and the European Commission issued in their Official Journal on February 13, 2003
Service No. 1